BackgroundChildren with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit emotional dysregulation and family dysfunction, especially when comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS). This study aims to compare emotional and familial functioning across ADHD, ADHD + ODD, ADHD + CDS, and control groups to guide prognosis and intervention.MethodsThe study involved 155 children aged 7-12, categorized into ADHD (n = 40), ADHD + ODD (n = 40),…
