Machine learning (ML), a core component of artificial intelligence (AI), is increasingly being used to assess children’s emotions and attention, with potential applications in developmental monitoring and early identification of neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This narrative review synthesizes studies published between 2012 and 2025 from PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science. We examine multimodal data…
