This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) electrophysiological biomarkers in children and adolescents, focusing on their role in assessing neurological disorders. We synthesized data from 26 studies to compare TMS measures between healthy children/adolescents and adults, and evaluated their diagnostic discriminability in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome (TS), major depressive disorder (MDD),…
