Thyroid function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disorder: a retrospective comparative study

CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD exhibit subtle alterations in thyroid function, characterized by higher T(3) and TSH and lower T(4) levels, which may reflect compensatory or metabolic imbalance rather than overt thyroid disease. These findings highlight the potential role of neuroendocrine modulation in the pathophysiology of ADHD.

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