The fNIRS Landscape of ADHD: Device Specifications, Neural Markers, and AI Classification

This systematic review synthesizes 69 original studies (2019-2025) to evaluate the transformative potential of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in ADHD research. As a portable, motion-tolerant neuroimaging tool, fNIRS enables robust measurement of cortical hemodynamic activity during cognitive tasks. We first consolidate the specifications of fNIRS devices employed in ADHD studies. Next, we discuss the neural markers derived from fNIRS data-including hemodynamic response function…

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