Role of the retinoid X receptor-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma axis in adolescent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate reduced peripheral RXR-α levels in human adolescents with ADHD, independent of medication status and symptom severity, extending preclinical retinoid signaling evidence. Further investigation is required to elucidate the neuromechanisms linking ADHD to the RXR-PPAR-γ axis.

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