Psychometric properties of the Turkish Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS-16) and its short form (MDS-5): An item-level examination in adults with ADHD

CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish MDS-16 and MDS-5 demonstrated good validity and reliability, with Yearning and Music/Kinesthesia subscales capturing more MD-specific features, whereas Impairment showed greater overlap with ADHD. Further research is needed to clarify MD-ADHD overlap and improve diagnostic specificity.

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