CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide cohort, mid/low VAD was associated with higher neonatal morbidity but no increased risk of long-term neurodevelopmental disorders. Outlet VAD showed no signal of adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. These findings provide reassuring evidence regarding the long-term safety of VAD when performed appropriately and help address an important knowledge gap regarding long-term outcomes after VAD. However, comparisons between delivery modes should be interpreted…
