Increased Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Children with RASopathies: Comparing NF1, Noonan Syndrome Spectrum Disorder, and the General Population

Background/Objectives: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Noonan syndrome spectrum disorders (NSSD) are the most common RASopathies, resulting from germline mutations that affect the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. Both are associated with increased risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, yet few studies have used structured diagnostic interviews to compare their psychiatric comorbidities. Methods: We conducted clinician-administered DSM-5 diagnostic assessments (KSADS) in 123…

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