Dysregulation of the orexin-leptin-ghrelin axis and its associations with chronotype and sleep disturbances in drug-naive children with ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by inattention and behavioral dysregulation. Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in ADHD and strongly associated with circadian rhythms and sleep-wake regulation. Given the pivotal involvement of orexin, leptin and ghrelin systems in the modulation of cognitive, metabolic and circadian functions, this study aimed to investigate whether serum orexin-A, orexin-B, leptin and ghrelin levels are associated…

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