Although clonidine, a widely prescribed α2-adrenergic agonist for hypertension and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has unknown effects on male fertility. This study investigated clonidine’s impact on human sperm function and progesterone-induced signaling pathways essential for fertilization. To address this knowledge gap, human sperm from normozoospermic donors (n ≥ 4 per experiment) were exposed to clonidine (6.25-200μM) and analyzed using comprehensive approaches. Key…
