Alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolites following acute subconcussive head impacts among athletes with and without ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent among contact sports athletes, who may regularly incur repetitive head impacts. This study investigated the effects of acute head impacts on mitochondrial function by analyzing tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites and the potential modulatory role of ADHD. Fifty adult soccer players (ADHD n = 25; non-ADHD n = 25) participated, undergoing ten soccer headers using a controlled heading model. TCA metabolites were assessed at…

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