Adverse childhood experiences mediate the association between ADHD symptoms and severe psychological distress in the Japanese general population: a causal mediation analysis of 29,268 participants

CONCLUSIONS: Emotion-related ACEs partially mediate the association between ADHD symptoms and adult psychological distress. While preventing childhood adversity remains essential, addressing ADHD symptoms through psychoeducation and intervention may reduce psychological burden in adulthood. These findings underscore the importance of trauma-informed approaches in the assessment and treatment of individuals with ADHD.

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