Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is traditionally defined by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, growing evidence suggests that this framework incompletely reflects the underlying neurobiology and clinical heterogeneity of the disorder, particularly in females. Current models of dopaminergic neurotransmission propose that ADHD is characterized not by simple dopamine deficiency but by dysregulation of tonic and phasic dopamine signaling. Theoretical…
