Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that impair functioning across the lifespan. This narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence on ADHD etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management, with particular emphasis on emerging objective biomarkers and their potential clinical translation. ADHD reflects a multifactorial interplay of genetic susceptibility,…
