Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment and is increasingly associated with a heightened risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related behavioral abnormalities. Beyond its metabolic role, insulin functions as a neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factor in the developing brain. However, whether early enhancement of central insulin signaling can mitigate the neuroinflammatory and behavioral sequelae of HI remains unclear….
