Sex- and Trimester-Specific Associations of Prenatal Co-Exposure to Organophosphate Esters and Phthalates with Preschoolers’ Trajectories of Co-Occurring ADHD and ASD Symptoms: Cord Blood Metabolomic Study in the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort

Although neurotoxic, prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and their effects on preschoolers’ autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cotrajectories and underlying metabolic mechanisms remain unclear, we aimed to elucidate these links. Maternal urinary OPEs/PAEs were measured in 3040 dyads from the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort across three trimesters. Child ADHD/ASD symptom scale scores were assessed at ages 3, 5,…

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