Chronic pain affects over a quarter of Canadians and remains a leading cause of outpatient visits. It is prevalent in both adults and children, often persisting into adulthood, and imposes a significant economic burden exceeding $40 billion annually. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for pain management as a safer alternative to opioids. However, the safety and efficacy of NSAIDs are influenced by genetic factors, particularly cytochrome P450 (CYP) polymorphisms,…
