Anterior cingulate cortex alterations in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies

CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates a coherent neurobiological pattern in pediatric ADHD, characterized by both structural alterations (reduced ACC volume, thickness, and atypical folding) and functional dysregulation (abnormal activation, disrupted connectivity, and altered electrophysiological responses) across tasks probing inhibitory control, reward processing, and resting-state dynamics.

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