Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are strongly associated with lower academic performance, yet the nature of this association remains uncertain. We analyzed data from twins and siblings in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study^(®) to examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms and school grades using genetically informed models. ADHD symptoms were assessed via the Child Behavior Checklist, and grades were caregiver-reported for the previous school…
