BACKGROUND: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that impair daily functioning. Accurate diagnosis is therefore essential, particularly in adulthood, where symptom reporting may be influenced by external incentives. Malingering, defined as the deliberate fabrication or exaggeration of symptoms for external gain, is a relevant concern in ADHD assessment, particularly for…
