Tic disorders (TD) are common neurodevelopmental conditions in children and adolescents, characterized primarily by motor and vocal tics, with heterogeneous symptom presentations and significant fluctuations. Concurrently, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent comorbidity of TD, often exacerbating academic and emotional difficulties. However, due to the potential masking of ADHD symptoms by TD manifestations and insufficient awareness of comorbidities, ADHD…
