Association of ADHD symptoms with the interactions within and between the HPA axis and melatonin system characterized by hair-based biomarkers

CONCLUSION: The clinical heterogeneity of ADHD core symptoms is underpinned by distinct neuroendocrine network imbalances. There was the function dominance of stress-related signaling over the NAS-mediated neuroprotection underlying the hyperactivity/impulsivity. Additionally, there was a disturbance in circadian metabolic homeostasis underlying the oppositional symptoms.

via https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42068784/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=1lqZ3NPYysePVKsoyz66mDSgu4veDGJwnUBS47TBQPoOuNZY5J&fc=None&ff=20260511011010&v=2.20.0