Effectiveness of intermittent theta-burst stimulation for major depressive disorder with and without neurodevelopmental comorbidities: A real-world retrospective observational study

CONCLUSIONS: iTBS is effective for MDD in routine clinical practice; however, its therapeutic impact appears moderately reduced in patients with ASD and/or ADHD. These findings underscore the need for individualized neuromodulation strategies and further investigation into neurobiological and sensory factors contributing to treatment heterogeneity.

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