Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists into adulthood in up to 60% of cases, affecting 2.5-6.8% of adults worldwide, with high comorbidity rates of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, and significant functional impairments, such as reduced quality of life, increased mortality, and economic burden. This review synthesizes etiological factors, including neuroimaging evidence of fronto-striatal and default mode network disruptions, high heritability up to 70-80% driven by…
