Evidence on the association between ambient ozone (O(3)) exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children was limited and inconsistent. To address this gap, we conducted a large-scale study involving 179,661 school-aged children across 14 cities in three regions of China between 2012 and 2018. ADHD symptoms were assessed using parent-reported Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria. A well-validated spatiotemporal model at 1 × 1 km…
